Bidens bipinnata L., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: po po zhen

English: Spanish-needles, bipinnate beggar's tick, cobbler's pegs, hemlock beggar-ticks

French: bident bipenné, herbe à aiguilles, herbe aiguille

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Stems 25-85 cm tall, erect, tetragonous, slightly puberulous on upper part, branched. Median cauline leaves opposite, 11-19 cm long, more of less pubescent on both surfaces (petioles 3.5-5 cm long, wingless), bipinnatipartite, lower segments often 2- or 3-cleft or pinnatifid, terminal segments narrow, acuminate, few-dentate; upper leaves gradually smaller, uppermost alternate, small, pinnati-partite. Heads 6-10 mm broad; peduncles 1.8-8.5 cm long. Involucre cupuliform, bracts 5-7, lanceolate, 2.5 mm long to 5 mm long in fruit, linear-oblong, apex obtuse or acute, outer palea oblong, 3.5-4 mm long, to 6-8 mm long in fruit, obtuse, inner ones narrowly obtuse, 5 mm long to 12 mm long in fruit. Ray florets 1-3, yellow, 5-6 mm long. Disc florets fertile, corolla yellow, tubular, 4.5 mm long, 5-lobed. Achenes long linear, 10-12x1 mm, 3- or 4-angular, more or less short strigose. Pappus awns 3 or 4, 3-4 mm long"  (Digital Flora of Taiwan).

"Glabrous or minutely hairy annual 3-17 dm; leaves 4-20 cm including the 2-5 cm petiole, mostly 2-3 times pinnately dissected, the ultimate segments tending to be rounded; heads narrow, disciform, the disk only 4-6 mm wide at anthesis, the short, ochroleucous rays not surpassing the disk; outer involucral bracts 7-10, linear, ± acute, not evidently expanded upwards, shorter than the inner; achenes linear, tetragonal, narrowed above, often sparsely hairy, 10-13 mm, or some of the outer shorter; pappus of (2) 3 or 4 yellowish awns"  (Gleason & Cronquist, 1963; p. 541).

"Annual, 0.3-1.5 m tall; stems ± square; leaves 2-3 times pinnately dissected or compound with numerous segments, the segments deltoid-lanceolate; petioles 20-50 mm long; outer phyllaries 7-10, linear, 3-7 mm long; inner phyllaries 5-9 mm long; achenes linear, quadrangular, usually 10-18 mm long, 0.6-1 mm in diameter; pappus awns 2-4 mm long"  (Diggs et al., 1999; p. 326).

Habitat/ecology:  In Texas (U.S.), "in moist soils" (Diggs et al., 1999; p. 326).  "Moist to fairly dry, disturbed habitats"  (Gleason & Cronquist, 1963; p. 541).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Worldwide weed, probable origin neotropics & subtropics" (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 613) On dry open slopes, altitude about 1,300 m.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Fields, forests, disturbed wettish sites; below 1800 (-3000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 276) In wasteland.
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 189)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	probably introduced invasive	Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013) "Usually in the south, along roadside and in waste grounds".
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Canada Canada	Canada	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) New Brunswick, Ontario
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Bidens bipinnata, please let us know.